Only a handful of the countries with the largest total emissions also rank among those with the highest per capita emissions. Estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita for the top 10 emitters and the top 10 per capita emitters for 2006 are shown here. However, for some countries, per capita emissions vary significantly when CO2 from land-use change and forestry and non-CO2 gases are taken into account. Although per capita emissions are generally higher in wealthier countries, there are notable and diverse exceptions. Some middle-income developing countries, for instance, have per capita emission levels similar to those of richer industrialized economies. For the four highest per capita emitters - the gulf states of Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Kuwait - this is because these countries have relatively small populations, but produce GHG-intensive commodities for export. High per capita emissions are particularly relevant in countries with large populations and/or high rates of population growth.